Biology Course 1 Cells Post test

What do disaccharides, such as sucrose, and polysaccharides, such as starch, have in common?

Athletes are often concerned with the question of how much protein they need in their diets because of the requirement of growing muscles for protein.  Just as muscles need the basic building block of protein, protein itself has basic building blocks also.  Which of the following are the basic building blocks of protein?

Which statement correctly describes how carbon’s ability to form four bonds makes it uniquely suited to form macromolecules?

Which diagram represents a carbohydrate?

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers.  These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis.  Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

When an animal has to survive without food for a long time, it will eventually break down proteins for energy.  However, this process occurs only after exhausting the animal’s reserves of

An iodine solution is placed on the cut side of a potato.  Within seconds, a blue-black color appears.  What is most likely occurring?

Students conducted an investigation using Biuret reagent to determine the presence of proteins in different foods.  The results are shown in the table below.

According to the data, which foods tested by the students contained proteins?

A student tests an unknown colorless solution for the presence of sugars, starches, lipids, and proteins.  The results are shown in the table below.

Based on the data collected, which molecules are present in the unknown solution?

Which of the following graphs best illustrates how the presence of an enzyme changes the energy profile of a biochemical reaction?

Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that catalyzes the digestion of starch.

Based on the graph, what is the optimal pH for amylase?

What macromolecule is illustrated in the following diagram?

A student examines a cell under the microscope and determines that it is a eukaryote.  Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion?

The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins.  Which description best explains the relationship among these cell structures in making a protein?

• nucleus
• ribosome
• endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of these best completes this concept map?

A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of

Match the following Organelles that help build proteins with their correct function.

Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to

Match the following organelles that store, clean up, and support with their proper cellular function.

Match the following organelles that capture and release energy or create cellular boundaries with their correct function.

An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions.  When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins that are normally found on the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm.  Other proteins are also located improperly.  Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?

Match the letters in the diagram below to their corresponding organelle.

Cells may have different shapes and different amounts of organelles, depending on their function.  Select ALL of the following features that plant cells have that animal cells lack.  (3 choices)

The diagram below shows a cell.

What type of organism might contain this type of cell?

Salmonberry plant roots absorb minerals.  What cellular process moves minerals across root cell membranes from an area of low mineral concentration to an are of high mineral concentration?

The diagram below shows how a paramecium maintains homeostasis.  A paramecium normally lives in a hypotonic environment in which water continually diffuses into the cell.  To maintain homeostasis, the paramecium must pump out large amounts of water using its contractile vacuole.

If the paramecium is then placed in a hypertonic environment, which of the following will occur?

A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell.  The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy.  Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?

As illustrated below, the molecules of many membranes are arranged with their polar heads to the outside and their nonpolar tails to the inside

With this arrangement, where would you MOST likely find water molecules?

The illustration below shows a cell and a large particle.  Many substances, such as proteins and polysaccharides, are too large to be transported into a cell by carrier proteins.  In a process called endocytosis, the large particle is brought into the cell.

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes this process?

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis.  Which description represents the effects of osmosis on a plant cell when the concentration of sugar particles is greater inside the cell than outside?

A student places a bunch of grapes in a bowl of plain water and a second bunch of grapes in a bowl of salt water.  After an hour, the grapes in the plain water are swollen, whereas the grapes in the salt water are shriveled.  What cellular process caused the grapes to shrivel?

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is illustrated in this drawing?

The diagram below represents a cell in water.  Explain why more water is moving out of the cell than into the cell.

A student measures the mass of each of six potato cores and places one core in each of the unknown solutions.  After a period of time, the student removes the potato cores and measures the mass of each one.  The results are shown in the table.

Which statement best describes a conclusion the student can make about the results?

Match the following diagrams of cell transport with their correct term.

A. 

B.

C.

D.

Use the diagrams to answer the question.

The diagrams show how carrier molecules allow passive and active transport.  In the diagram of active transport, the letter X represents another molecule.  This molecule provides energy for active transport but is not needed for passive transport.

Which molecule is most likely represented by the letter X ?

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

How would a drop in temperature most likely affect the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Latecia conducted an experimental investigation of the gas production of a water plant.  She placed a beaker upside down over a water plant submerged in water and collected the gas that the water plant produced when kept in sunlight.  After several days, a large bubble of gas collected in the upside-down beaker.

Given that the gas came from the water plant, what are the contents of the bubble of gas collected in the test tube?

ATP and ADP both play a role in cellular reactions involving energy.  How are these two molecules related?

The graphs below display data collected as algae undergo photosynthesis under different conditions.

Which would be the best conditions for algae to undergo photosynthesis?

Frank made the drawing of ATP shown below.

How is this molecule most often involved with the production of energy in a cell?

What do glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain have in common?

The flow chart below shows a process that generates ATP.

Where does this process take place within a cell?

Which step is the same in both forms of fermentation, as well as in cellular respiration?

Which statement best describes the differences between the process of aerobic respiration and fermentation?

The graph below represents data gathered during an experiment on cellular respiration

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by data from this graph?

Bromothymol blue (BTB) is a pH indicator that is also used to detect carbon dioxide (CO2).  BTB is blue when pH is basic and CO2 is low.  BTB is yellow when pH is acidic and CO2 is high.  BTB is green when pH is neutral.

Two test tubes are filled with a solution of bromothymol blue.  A student exhales through a straw into each tube, and the bromothymol blue turns yellow.  An aquatic green plant is placed in each tube, and the tubes are corked.  One tube is placed in the dark, and the other tube is placed in direct sunlight.  The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turns blue, while the one in the dark remains yellow.  Which statement best explains why the bromothymol blue turned yellow when the student blew in it and why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color?

The cell cycle is a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism.  Which of the following is not a true statement concerning cell division of body cells?

The following diagrams show four stages of a cell dividing by mitosis.

Which list of numbers names the diagrams in the correct sequence as they occur in the cell cycle?

Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?

Which event most likely occurs next in mitosis?

The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G 1 phase and then enter G 0 phase, a resting period.  Most normal cells can leave G 0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G 1 phase before entering S phase.  Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G 0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?

When carcinogens cause a failure in the regulation of cell growth and development, what condition might occur?

Cancer is often characterized by tumors.  Which would most likely trigger the formation of a tumor?

Organize the following phases of mitosis.

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis.  A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis.  The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome.

Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how mitosis maintains genetic continuity?

Match the following descriptions with their correct term.

A cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes mitosis twice.  How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?