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d. Mendel’s Laws

FSI Video Notes | Mendel’s Laws | GA Biology Milestones
Score: 0 / 12

1) Who was Mendel? Fill-in

Mendel studied inheritance using pea plants because traits were easy to observe and data patterns were clear.

Q1. Mendel’s full name
1 point
The “father of genetics” was .
Q2. Why peas?
1 point
Mendel used pea plants because:

2) Law of Dominance Blank + Dropdown

Dominant alleles can mask recessive alleles in heterozygotes. Dominant does not mean “more common.”

Q3. Masking allele
1 point
In a heterozygous genotype (Tt), the allele masks the recessive allele.
Q4. Heterozygous tall
1 point
If Tall = T and short = t, which genotype is heterozygous tall?
Monohybrid phenotype ratio: 3:1
Dihybrid phenotype ratio: 9:3:3:1

Milestones move: “dominant ≠ most common.” It just shows with one allele present.

3) Law of Segregation Dropdown

Each organism has two alleles for a trait. During meiosis, alleles separate so each gamete gets one allele.

Q5. When do alleles separate?
1 point
Alleles separate during:
Q6. One allele goes into each…
1 point
Segregation means one allele goes into each .

4) Independent Assortment Blank + Dropdown

Genes on different chromosomes assort independently. Linked genes (on the same chromosome close together) may not follow this pattern.

Q7. Traits don’t affect each other
1 point
Independent assortment means alleles for different traits separate (if genes are not linked).
Q8. When does it apply?
1 point
Independent assortment usually applies when:

5) Punnett Square Power Dropdown

Read the question carefully: genotype vs phenotype, homozygous vs heterozygous. Then build your Punnett square.

Q9. Observable trait
1 point
The word for the observable trait (like tall or short) is:
Q10. Allele combo
1 point
The allele combination (TT, Tt, tt) is the:

Milestones move: If you’re stuck, sketch a mini Punnett square and eliminate choices that don’t match.

6) Drag & Drop: Match the Law Drag & Drop

Drag each term into the correct description. (Keyboard: Tab to a term, press Enter to pick up, Tab to a slot, Enter to drop.)

Q11. Mendel’s Laws Match
3 points

🧩 Word Bank

Dominance
Segregation
Independent Assortment

Tip: If a slot already has a term, dropping a new one will swap it back to the bank.

🎯 Drop Zones

A. Alleles separate into gametes during meiosis
Drop here
B. One allele can mask another in a heterozygote
Drop here
C. Different traits assort independently when genes aren’t linked
Drop here
Q12. Drag & Drop: Ratios
2 points
Drag the correct ratio into each cross type.

🧮 Ratio Bank

3:1
9:3:3:1

🎯 Drop Zones

Monohybrid cross (complete dominance)
Drop here
Dihybrid cross (complete dominance)
Drop here
Teacher Tip: After checking answers, have students explain which Mendel law they used and why. That’s how you level up to Milestones reasoning.
Keyboard help for drag & drop: Tab to focus a term → Enter to pick up → Tab to a drop zone → Enter to drop.