8th Grade Science Course 1 Assessment: Structure & Properties of Matter

Question 1 of 32

1. Question

Ling is learning about chemical reactions in science class. She measured out 45 grams of vinegar and 10 grams of baking soda. When she mixed them together, a bubbling reaction occurred. After the reaction stopped, she weighed the mixture and found that it weighed 54 grams. Which of the following best explains why the mixture weighed less than the original ingredients?

Some of the vinegar evaporated during the experiment.

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The chemical reaction created a gas that left the mixture.

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The new solution is less dense than vinegar or baking soda.

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The baking soda is floating on top of the vinegar.

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Question 2 of 32

2. Question

A chemical reaction is shown.

SnO2 + H2 → Sn + H2O

What is true about this chemical reaction?

It is balanced because the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.

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It is balanced because the number of reactants is equal to the number of products.

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It is unbalanced because the mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products.

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It is unbalanced because the mass of the reactants is less than the mass of the products.

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Question 3 of 32

3. Question

Which of the following is correct about reactions?

During chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged and all the atoms present in the reactants are present in the products.

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During chemical reactions, the amount of energy given off is always more than the energy given off in nuclear reactions.

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During nuclear reactions, atoms are rearranged and all the atoms present in the reactants are present in the products.

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During chemical reactions, alpha, beta, or gamma radiation is emitted from the nuclei of the atoms taking part in the reaction.

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Question 4 of 32

4. Question

Look at the following equation.

__Au2O3 → __Au + __O2

In order to follow the law of conservation of mass, this equation must have which set of coefficients, in order from left to right?

1, 3, 1

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2, 4, 3

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1, 1, 3

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2, 1, 3

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Question 5 of 32

5. Question

What type of chemical reaction is shown in the following equation:

4Si + S₈ –> 2Si₂S₄

Single displacement

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Synthesis

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Double displacement

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Decomposition

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Question 6 of 32

6. Question

What type of chemical reaction is shown in the following equation:

2Pb(NO₃)₂ –> 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂

Single displacement

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Synthesis

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Decomposition

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Double displacement

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Question 7 of 32

7. Question

The Law of Conservation of Matter states…

Matter can be created or destroyed, it can not be changed and/or transformed from one form to another.

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Matter can be created or destroyed, it can only be changed and/or transformed from one form to another.

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Matter can not be created or destroyed, it can not be changed and/or transformed from one form to another.

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Matter can not be created or destroyed, it can only be changed and/or transformed from one form to another.

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Question 8 of 32

8. Question

What type of chemical reaction is shown in the following equation:

3Ca + 2AlCl₃ –> 3CaCl₂+2Al

Double displacement

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Decomposition

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Single displacement

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Synthesis

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Question 9 of 32

9. Question

Use your periodic table to answer the following question.

Sam draws a model of an oxygen (O) atom using the periodic table. What are the subatomic particles she draws in the nucleus, and how many of each?

6 protons and 6 neutrons

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8 protons and 16 neutrons

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12 neutrons and 8 protons

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8 protons and 8 neutrons

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Question 10 of 32

10. Question

Which of the following is the Bohr model for the element card below?

A

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B

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C

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D

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Question 11 of 32

11. Question

How do you find the number of neutrons using the following element card?

Divide atomic mass (14) by atomic number (7) = 2 neutrons

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Add atomic mass (14) + atomic number (7) = 21 neutrons

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Subtract atomic mass (14) – atomic number (7) = 7 neutrons

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Multiply atomic mass (14) x atomic number (7) = 98 neutrons

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Question 12 of 32

12. Question

Which is the correct representation of a fluorine Bohr model?

A

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B

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C

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D

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Question 13 of 32

13. Question

Look at the picture below.

Why does the nucleus of an atom have a positive charge?

There are more protons than electrons.

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The positive charge of protons outweigh the neutral charge of neutrons in the nucleus.

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There are more protons than neutrons.

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The neutral charge of neutrons outweigh the neutral charge of protons in the nucleus.

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Question 14 of 32

14. Question

This is the listing for the element lithium (Li) from the periodic table of the elements.

A student in physical science is making a poster of a model of a lithium atom using this key:

Which atom represents a lithium atom?

A

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B

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C

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D

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Question 15 of 32

15. Question

The diagram shows an atom of a neutral element from the periodic table.

The atom in the diagram represents which element?

Beryllium

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Cesium

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Magnesium

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Sodium

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Question 16 of 32

16. Question

The diagram shows an unknown atom.

Based on the information from the periodic table, which atom is shown in the diagram?

Boron

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Carbon

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Nitrogen

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Beryllium

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Question 17 of 32

17. Question

What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout and can conduct electricity, heterogeneous mixtures are not thoroughly blended and cannot conduct electricity.

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Heterogeneous mixtures are the same throughout and look like one substance, homogeneous mixtures are not thoroughly blended and you can see the individual parts of the mixture.

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Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout and look like one substance, heterogeneous mixtures are not thoroughly blended and you can see the individual parts of the mixture.

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None of the answer choices.

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Question 18 of 32

18. Question

What is the difference between a pure substance/element and a compound?

A pure substance/element is a heterogeneous mixture. A compound is a homogeneous mixture.

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A pure substance/element only consists of one element, a compound consists of two or more elements.

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A compound consists of only one element, a pure substance/element consists of two or more elements.

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A pure substance/element only consists of atoms that can conduct electricity, a compound consists of atoms that cannot conduct electricity.

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Question 19 of 32

19. Question

A student observes the model and claims that the total mass of the reaction is conserved. Is the student’s claim correct? Why or why not?

No, because the arrangement of atoms is different in the reactants and products.

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Yes, because the reactants and products are made of atoms of the same element.

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Yes, because the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

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No, because the total number of atoms in the products is greater than the total number of atoms in the reactants.

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Question 20 of 32

20. Question

The image shows diagrams of two substances.

Select TWO of the conclusions that BEST describe the diagram.

The substances are atoms, made from molecules.

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The substances are molecules, made from atoms.

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The substances are elements made from molecules.

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The substances are matter made from atoms.

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The substances are elements made from matter.

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Question 21 of 32

21. Question

The picture shows a beaker of water at room temperature and some cubes of ice.

What will happen if the ice is added to the water?

The ice will undergo a chemical change, melting into a liquid and changing into a new substance.

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The water will undergo a chemical change, freezing into a solid and changing into a new substance.

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The ice will undergo a physical change, melting into a liquid but remaining the same substance.

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The water will undergo a physical change, freezing into a solid but remaining the same substance.

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Question 22 of 32

22. Question

The diagram shows a test tube of pure copper (II) sulfate, CuSO₄ , solution before and after the addition of iron, Fe, shavings.

Which of the following correctly makes and supports a claim about the change that occurred?

A physical change occurred, which is evident by the change of color of the solution.

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A chemical change occurred, which is evident by the change of color of the solution.

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A physical change occurred, which is evident by the formation of a precipitate in the solution.

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A chemical change occurred, which is evident by the formation of a precipitate in the solution.

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Question 23 of 32

23. Question

Morgan observes changes that occur to substances during four experiments. She records her observations in a table.

Which mistake does Morgan make in her table?

A physical change occurs when two liquids combine and a precipitate is formed.

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A chemical change occurs when an egg is cooked because there is a change in phase.

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A physical change occurs when a candle is burned because there is a change in phase from solid to liquid.

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A chemical change occurs when the liquid turns blue because there was no precipitate formed.

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Question 24 of 32

24. Question

In a controlled experiment, acid was dropped on a sample of calcite. Which of the following results would show that a chemical reaction took place?

The sample of calcite formed a puddle, showing it did not absorb any liquid.

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The sample of calcite formed bubbles, showing the release of a gas.

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The sample of calcite broke into smaller pieces.

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The sample of calcite partially dissolved.

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Question 25 of 32

25. Question

Jessica did an investigation about the states of matter. As part of the investigation, Jessica wanted to change a liquid into a solid. What must she do to bring about this change in state?

place the liquid in a different container

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stir the liquid as quickly and thoroughly as possible

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remove energy from the liquid so that its particles slow down

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increase the energy of the liquid so that its particles move faster

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Question 26 of 32

26. Question

The phase change identified in the image as #4 is and is .

liquid to gas evaporating, endothermic

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solid to liquid melting, endothermic

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solid to gas melting, exothermic

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gas to solid condensing, exothermic

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Question 27 of 32

27. Question

Which of the following describes the difference between the motion of liquid water and water vapor?

The particles in the liquid do not move, but the particles in a gas can move back and forth.

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The motion of the particles is the same in both states, but they move slower in the gas state.

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The particles in a gas can slide past each other, while the particles in a liquid are locked in place.

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The particles in a liquid can slide past each other, while the particles in a gas are free to move in all directions.

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Question 28 of 32

28. Question

Reggie puts a beaker of ice and water on a hot plate, and the ice slowly begins to melt as shown in the diagram below. After a few minutes, only liquid water is in the beaker. Eventually, the water becomes hot and boils. The liquid water changes to water vapor, which is a gas.

How is the ice different from the water vapor that forms after the water begins to boil?

The ice has a lower boiling point.

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The ice particles move faster.

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The ice has a higher temperature.

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The ice particles have less energy.

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Question 29 of 32

29. Question

The three jars show the movement of particles in three states of matter.

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. As dry ice is heated, it goes directly from a solid to a gas through a process called sublimation.

Which sequence of jars shows the change in the motion of particles of dry ice as it sublimes?

jar P to jar Q

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jar P to jar R

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jar Q to jar R

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jar R to jar P

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Question 30 of 32

30. Question

On a warm sunny afternoon, ocean water splashed onto a rock. A short time later, the rock was dry. Which statement BEST explains what happened to the water on the rock?

Heat caused the water to become a gas.

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Heat melted the water and it disappeared.

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Salt caused the water to become a gas.

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Salt melted the water and it disappeared.

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Question 31 of 32

31. Question

A student is shown a simple model of particles that make up a liquid, as shown.

How should the model be changed to show the particles of a liquid at a higher temperature?

Separate the particles into positive and negative charges, and increase the space between the particles.

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Separate the particles into positive and negative charges, but maintain the same space between the particles.

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Decrease the velocities of the particles, and decrease the space between the particles.

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Increase the velocities of the particles, but maintain the same space between the particles.

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Question 32 of 32

32. Question

A student is shown a simple model of particles that make up a liquid, as shown.

How should the model be changed to show the particles of a solid?

Increase the velocities of the particles, and increase the space between the particles.

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Increase the velocities of the particles, and decrease the space between the particles.

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Decrease the velocities of the particles, and increase the space between the particles.

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Decrease the velocities of the particles, and decrease the space between the particles.

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8th Grade Science Course 1 Assessment: Structure & Properties of Matter

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